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Climate and environment

Days above 30C

Mean number of days per year with a maximum air temperature above 30 degrees Celsius, over the stated climate normal period.

Cities compared
36
Median
3.5 d/yr
Lowest · Helsinki
0.0 d/yr
Highest · Valencia
50.3 d/yr

The reference is the median of the 36 cities published here, not a European average. Eurostat's EU aggregates are not collected yet, and deriving one from these cities would invent a figure no source publishes.

Ordered lowest to highest

This measure states no direction, because readers of this site want opposite things from it. The order is lowest to highest and nothing here says which end is better — that is yours to decide.

Every value is published at the same geographic level: Point. Period 1991-2020. Confidence B throughout.

  1. 1CopenhagenDenmark

    0.0 d/yr

    Copenhagen city point · [1]
  2. 2DublinIreland

    0.0 d/yr

    Dublin city point · [2]
  3. 3HelsinkiFinland

    0.0 d/yr

    Helsinki city point · [3]
  4. 4StockholmSweden

    0.0 d/yr

    Stockholm city point · [4]
  5. 5TampereFinland

    0.3 d/yr

    Tampere city point · [5]
  6. 6OsloNorway

    0.4 d/yr

    Oslo city point · [6]
  7. 7TallinnEstonia

    0.5 d/yr

    Tallinn city point · [7]
  8. 8The HagueNetherlands

    0.6 d/yr

    The Hague city point · [8]
  9. 9AmsterdamNetherlands

    1.1 d/yr

    Amsterdam city point · [9]
  10. 10VilniusLithuania

    1.4 d/yr

    Vilnius city point · [10]
  11. 11GdańskPoland

    1.9 d/yr

    Gdańsk city point · [11]
  12. 12UtrechtNetherlands

    2.1 d/yr

    Utrecht city point · [12]
  13. 13Luxembourg CityLuxembourg

    2.9 d/yr

    Luxembourg City city point · [13]
  14. 14GrazAustria

    3.2 d/yr

    Graz city point · [14]
  15. 15MunichGermany

    3.2 d/yr

    Munich city point · [15]
  16. 16BrusselsBelgium

    3.3 d/yr

    Brussels city point · [16]
  17. 17HamburgGermany

    3.4 d/yr

    Hamburg city point · [17]
  18. 18SalzburgAustria

    3.4 d/yr

    Salzburg city point · [18]
  19. 19ZurichSwitzerland

    3.5 d/yr

    Zurich city point · [19]
  20. 20WarsawPoland

    4.7 d/yr

    Warsaw city point · [20]
  21. 21BarcelonaSpain

    5.5 d/yr

    Barcelona city point · [21]
  22. 22WrocławPoland

    6.1 d/yr

    Wrocław city point · [22]
  23. 23ParisFrance

    6.4 d/yr

    Paris city point · [23]
  24. 24LjubljanaSlovenia

    6.6 d/yr

    Ljubljana city point · [24]
  25. 25PragueCzechia

    6.7 d/yr

    Prague city point · [25]
  26. 26BerlinGermany

    6.8 d/yr

    Berlin city point · [26]
  27. 27SplitCroatia

    7.0 d/yr

    Split city point · [27]
  28. 28ViennaAustria

    12.4 d/yr

    Vienna city point · [28]
  29. 29LisbonPortugal

    13.5 d/yr

    Lisbon city point · [29]
  30. 30BratislavaSlovakia

    14.9 d/yr

    Bratislava city point · [30]
  31. 31LyonFrance

    15.3 d/yr

    Lyon city point · [31]
  32. 32PortoPortugal

    15.3 d/yr

    Porto city point · [32]
  33. 33ZagrebCroatia

    19.6 d/yr

    Zagreb city point · [33]
  34. 34MilanItaly

    24.7 d/yr

    Milan city point · [34]
  35. 35BolognaItaly

    49.1 d/yr

    Bologna city point · [35]
  36. 36ValenciaSpain

    50.3 d/yr

    Valencia city point · [36]

Each bar grows from the median towards the side its value falls on. The two halves are scaled independently, so the lowest and highest values reach their ends even when the spread is uneven: a bar's length is comparable with others on the same side of the median, not across it.

How this measure is built

Definition
Mean number of days per year with a maximum air temperature above 30 degrees Celsius, over the stated climate normal period.
Calculation
count of local days whose hourly maximum 2 m temperature exceeds 30 C, averaged across the 30 complete years in 1991-2020
Position
The median, the gap and the rank are arithmetic over the values in this table and can be recomputed from it. They are not a score, carry no weighting, and combine with nothing else on the site.Read the method

All measuresFind a city

36 referencesEvery figure's exact source query

  1. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, copenhagen. Copenhagen city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 55.6800,12.5700; nearest grid point 55.7000,12.5000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Copenhagen

  2. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, dublin. Dublin city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 53.3500,-6.2600; nearest grid point 53.3000,-6.3000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Dublin

  3. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, helsinki. Helsinki city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 60.1700,24.9400; nearest grid point 60.2000,24.9000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Helsinki

  4. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, stockholm. Stockholm city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 59.3300,18.0700; nearest grid point 59.3000,18.1000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Stockholm

  5. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, tampere. Tampere city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 61.5000,23.7500; nearest grid point 61.5000,23.7000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Helsinki

  6. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, oslo. Oslo city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 59.9100,10.7300; nearest grid point 59.9000,10.7000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Oslo

  7. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, tallinn. Tallinn city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 59.4400,24.7500; nearest grid point 59.4000,24.7000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Tallinn

  8. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, the_hague. The Hague city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 52.0700,4.3000; nearest grid point 52.1000,4.3000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Amsterdam

  9. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, amsterdam. Amsterdam city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 52.3700,4.9000; nearest grid point 52.4000,4.9000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Amsterdam

  10. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, vilnius. Vilnius city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 54.6900,25.2800; nearest grid point 54.7000,25.3000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Vilnius

  11. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, gdansk. Gdańsk city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 54.3500,18.6500; nearest grid point 54.3000,18.7000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Warsaw

  12. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, utrecht. Utrecht city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 52.0900,5.1200; nearest grid point 52.1000,5.1000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Amsterdam

  13. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, luxembourg_city. Luxembourg City city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 49.6100,6.1300; nearest grid point 49.6000,6.1000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Luxembourg

  14. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, graz. Graz city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 47.0700,15.4400; nearest grid point 47.1000,15.4000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Vienna

  15. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, munich. Munich city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 48.1400,11.5800; nearest grid point 48.1000,11.6000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Berlin

  16. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, brussels. Brussels city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 50.8500,4.3600; nearest grid point 50.8000,4.4000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Brussels

  17. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, hamburg. Hamburg city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 53.5500,9.9900; nearest grid point 53.5000,10.0000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Berlin

  18. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, salzburg. Salzburg city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 47.8000,13.0400; nearest grid point 47.8000,13.0000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Vienna

  19. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, zurich. Zurich city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 47.3800,8.5400; nearest grid point 47.4000,8.5000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Zurich

  20. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, warsaw. Warsaw city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 52.2300,21.0100; nearest grid point 52.2000,21.0000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Warsaw

  21. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, barcelona. Barcelona city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 41.3900,2.1700; nearest grid point 41.4000,2.1000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Madrid

  22. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, wroclaw. Wrocław city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 51.1100,17.0400; nearest grid point 51.1000,17.0000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Warsaw

  23. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, paris. Paris city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 48.8600,2.3500; nearest grid point 48.9000,2.3000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Paris

  24. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, ljubljana. Ljubljana city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 46.0600,14.5100; nearest grid point 46.1000,14.5000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Ljubljana

  25. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, prague. Prague city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 50.0800,14.4400; nearest grid point 50.1000,14.4000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Prague

  26. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, berlin. Berlin city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 52.5200,13.4000; nearest grid point 52.5000,13.4000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Berlin

  27. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, split. Split city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 43.5100,16.4400; nearest grid point 43.6000,16.5000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Zagreb

  28. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, vienna. Vienna city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 48.2100,16.3700; nearest grid point 48.2000,16.4000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Vienna

  29. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, lisbon. Lisbon city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 38.7200,-9.1400; nearest grid point 38.7000,-9.1000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Lisbon

  30. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, bratislava. Bratislava city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 48.1500,17.1100; nearest grid point 48.1000,17.1000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Bratislava

  31. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, lyon. Lyon city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 45.7600,4.8400; nearest grid point 45.8000,4.8000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Paris

  32. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, porto. Porto city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 41.1600,-8.6300; nearest grid point 41.2000,-8.6000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Lisbon

  33. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, zagreb. Zagreb city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 45.8200,15.9800; nearest grid point 45.8000,16.0000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Zagreb

  34. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, milan. Milan city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 45.4700,9.1800; nearest grid point 45.5000,9.2000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Rome

  35. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, bologna. Bologna city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 44.4900,11.3400; nearest grid point 44.5000,11.3000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Rome

  36. Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5-Land hourly point time series, 1991-2020, valencia. Valencia city point. Retrieved 2026-08-01. Open exact source query

    dataset reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries; requested 39.4700,-0.3800; nearest grid point 39.5000,-0.4000; variables 2m_temperature, total_precipitation; local days in Europe/Madrid